Effectiveness of Power Exercises Compared to Traditional Strength Exercises on Motor Skills, Muscle Performance and Functional Muscle Strength of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the impact of 8-weeks of power exercises compared to traditional strength exercises on motor abilities, muscle performance, and functional strength in children with ADHD. A total of 34 children with ADHD were randomized into two groups to receive functional power training (n = 17, M age: 121.2 ± 16.6 months) and traditional strength training (n = 17, M age: 116.1 ± 13.4 months). After the 8-week intervention, two-way ANOVA results with 95% confidence intervals showed no differences between the groups in motor skills, muscle power, or functional muscle strength. However, the functional power training group had larger effect sizes and greater increases in total motor composite score (10% vs 7%), body coordination (13.8% vs 4.9%) and bilateral coordination (38.8% vs 27.9%) than the traditional strength training group. The power training group also exhibited catch-up growth with typically developing peers. These findings suggest that power exercises may be more effective than strength exercises for rapid force generation in daily life, particularly for children with ADHD.

Community Participation, Supports and Barriers of Adolescents with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

AIM: To compare participation patterns, environmental supports, and barriers to community activities in adolescents with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Turkey. METHODS: Participants were 94 adolescents with ADHD and 109 adolescents without ADHD ages 13-17 years (mean age 14.6, S.D 1.49 years) Participation frequency, involvement rate, mothers who desired change, and environmental supports and barriers in a community setting were assessed with the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY). RESULTS: Adolescents with ADHD participated 20.3% less frequently in socializing with peers in the community than adolescents without ADHD. With moderate to large effect sizes, the mean involvement rate in four community activities, including neighborhood outings, community events, socializing with peers in the community, and religious activities, was significantly lower for adolescents with ADHD than for adolescents without ADHD. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with ADHD participate less frequently and are less involved in socializing with peers in the community. Almost half of all ADHD adolescents never participate in community events. It was seen that cognitive difficulties, sensory qualities, and safety may prevent adolescents with ADHD from socializing with peers in the community.

Occupational performance and participation in children with developmental coordination disorders before and during Covid-19.

INTRODUCTION: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children's occupational performance and participation. It is known that the Covid pandemic has adversely affected the whole world in many areas. We aim to investigate the occupational performance and participation of children with DCD before and during the COVID-19. METHODS: Sixty-five children aged 5-12 years included in the study were assessed by the Canadian Measure of Occupational Performance and the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were detected in occupational performance and satisfaction scores (p < 0.01). Additionally, except for 'involvement in the home environment' (p > 0.05), there were statistically significant differences in all other areas of participation (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The occupational performance and participation of children with DCD are impacted during COVID-19. In addition, it is seen that the desire of families to change regarding participation has increased due to COVID-19. It would be beneficial to include strategies to improve these areas in the rehabilitation processes.

How cognitive and behavioural body-functions of children with ADHD are linked to their participation and environmental supports?

BACKGROUND: Children with chronic conditions face participation restrictions and exclusions. AIMS: To investigate how cognitive and behavioural body-functions are associated with 1) participation patterns and 2) environmental factors among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The study included 83 children with ADHD. Cognitive and behavioural body-functions were assessed with Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised Long-Version. The participation patterns of children were assessed with Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY). Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between cognitive and behavioural body-functions and (1) participation patterns at home, school and community settings, and (2) environmental supports and barriers. OUTCOME AND RESULTS: In home setting, inattention and ADHD index which determine ADHD children from typically developing peers, were the strongest factors, explaining 24.9 % of variance in activities that mothers wanted to change. In school setting, presence/level of oppositional behaviours had the strongest effect on environmental barriers, with variation of 29.8 %. In community setting, the strongest factor explaining environmental helpfulness was anxious/shy behaviours (16.1 %). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: When seeking to improve participation of children with ADHD both the cognitive and behavioural demands of chosen activities should be modified while creating environments that supports these challenges.

The long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with ADHD in terms of participation, support, and barriers at home.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on participation, support, and barriers at home in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and without ADHD. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study included a total of 227 participants with a mean age of 11.93 ± 2.96 years, comprising 116 children and adolescents with ADHD and 111 without ADHD. The parents or primary caregivers of all the children completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY), which was used to assess participation and environmental factors in the home. The Student's t-test was used to compare numeric data and Chi-square test to categorical data between children and adolescents with ADHD and those without ADHD in all three settings. RESULTS: The children with ADHD were determined to play computer and video games significantly more than children without ADHD (p < 0.001). The mean frequency of participation in arts, crafts, music, hobbies (p < 0.001), school preparation (<0.0001), and homework (<0.003) was significantly higher in children without ADHD. A moderate effect size (ϕ = 0.42) was determined in respect of cognitive demands making it more difficult for children with ADHD to participate in home activities than children without ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD were negatively affected in terms of participating in home activities than their typically developing peers. In addition, cognitive demands prevented their participation and involvement in the home environment while cognitive demands were a support for non-ADHD children. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: A highlight of this research was the comprehensive investigation of the long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on participation in all activities at home, in addition to the support and barriers in the home environment for children with ADHD compared to typically developing peers.

Mother-child interactions among children with visual impairment: Addressing maternal attachment style, depression-anxiety symptoms, and child's behavioral problems.

OBJECTIVE: The birth of a visually impaired child leads to stress, disappointment, and medical challenges for the family due to the economic and financial costs, unmet expectations of other family members, and social embarrassment-isolation of the family from society. In these families, mothers are exposed to the stressors more often than other family members, because, in most families, they are the primary caregivers. In this study, we examined the relationship between maternal attachment styles, maternal depression and anxiety levels, and behavioral problems of children with visual impairment. METHODS: This is a case-control study. In the study group, there were 35 children with visual impairment, and in the control group, there were 31 healthy children. All mothers completed adult attachment style dimensions scales, beck depression, and anxiety inventories, and the aberrant behaviour checklist. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that children with visual impairment have higher levels of behavior problems including irritability, stereotypic behavior, and inappropriate speech when compared with healthy controls. Contrary to our expectations depression and anxiety, scores of mothers were similar, also, there was not a difference in terms of maternal attachment types. Interestingly, there was a positive relationship between secure attachment and depression among mothers of the visual impairment group. In other words, securely attached mothers were more depressive. On the other hand, there was a positive relationship between anxious/ambivalent attachment and the child's irritability. CONCLUSION: The relationship between maternal depression and secure attachment could be a consequence of higher maternal sensitivity due to a child's impairment and should be evaluated in future studies.

Rubrene single crystal solar cells and the effect of crystallinity on interfacial recombination.

Single crystal studies provide a better understanding of the basic properties of organic photovoltaic devices. Therefore, in this work, rubrene single crystals with a thickness of 250 nm to 1000 nm were used to produce an inverted bilayer organic solar cell. Subsequently, polycrystalline rubrene (orthorhombic, triclinic) and amorphous bilayer solar cells of the same thickness as single crystals were studied to make comparisons across platforms. To investigate how single crystal, polycrystalline (triclinic-orthorhombic) and amorphous forms alter the charge carrier recombination mechanism at the rubrene/PCBM interface, light intensity measurements were carried out. The light intensity dependency of the JSC, VOC and FF parameters in organic solar cells with different forms of rubrene was determined. Monomolecular (Shockley Read Hall) recombination is observed in devices employing amorphous and polycrystalline rubrene in addition to bimolecular recombination, whereas the single crystal device is weakly affected by trap assisted SRH recombination due to reduced trap states at the donor acceptor interface. To date, the proposed work is the only systematic study examining transport and interface recombination mechanisms in organic solar cells produced by different structure forms of rubrene.

Investigating the compatibility, interchangeability, and clinical usability of BOT2-BF and BOT2-SF in primary school-aged children with and without developmental dyslexia.

The aim of our study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity levels of BOT2-BF and BOT2-SF tests applied to children with developmental dyslexia and to examine their clinical usability. This study was designed as a case-controlled study. 82 (study group 41, control group 41) 7-12 year children were included. The study occurred three stages. In the first place, the similarities and differences of BOT2-BF and BOT2-SF tests observed in clinical practices were examined by taking the feedback of experts and test correlations. In the second step, BOT2-BF and BOT2-SF tests were examined with reference to the Core Outcome Set (COS) evaluation criteria. In the last step, in order to examine the sensitivity and specificity levels of the tests, assessments were performed in two groups with 1-week intervals. According to the COS results, the BOT2-BF test was examined better than the BOT2-SF test under cross-cultural validity title. The sensitivity and specificity of BOT2-SF were 0.92 and 0.51, and for BOT2-BF were 0.92 and 0.41, respectively. This study will help clinicians working on children with developmental dyslexia to decide the type of test they will use to evaluate and easy access to materials motor proficiency.

The relationship of motor development with sensory processing among infants born very preterm: a prospective case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the relationship between sensory processing and motor development in very preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of motor development with sensory processing among such infants with developmental delay and those who had typical development at the ages of 8 and 12 months. METHODS: This prospective case-control study included 61 preterm infants (31 males, 30 females, mean gestational age: 29.1 weeks). The infants had a gestational age of 32 weeks or less and a current corrected age of 8 months, and they had spent at least 15 days in the neonatal intensive care unit. Motor development was assessed with the Neuro-sensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA), and sensory processing was evaluated with the Test of Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI). RESULTS: There were very strong positive correlations between the gross and fine motor scores of the NSMDA and the TSFI`s subdomain scores and total scores (r=0.85-0.93, p < 0.001). There were also very strong negative correlations between the functional level according to the NSMDA and the subdomain scores and total scores of the TSFI (r=-0.89-0.94, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results show that sensory processing and motor development are related parts of the development of very preterm infants. In the early rehabilitation process, therapists should comprehensively take motor and sensory development into consideration.

Home participation, support and barriers among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: Few studies have focused on the participation of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in daily routine and leisure activities. This study aimed to compare the participation, support and barriers for children with ADHD at home pre-COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: The study included 55 children with ADHD aged 6-11 years. Participation frequency, involvement, desire for change, supports and barriers at home were assessed using the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY). RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-COVID-19 period, the mean frequency of participation of children with ADHD in computer and video games (5.8% vs 5%, respectively), socialising with other people (7% vs 6.2%) and household chores (5.5% vs 4.6%) was shown to be significantly higher (p < 0.05). Mothers of children with ADHD reported higher levels of involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre-COVID-19 period across four areas of home participation, including computer and video games (4.1% vs 3.2%, respectively), arts, crafts, music and hobbies (3.7% vs 3%), household chores (3.6% vs 2.8%) and personal care management (4.2% vs 3.5%) p < 0.05). Mothers of children with ADHD reported that during the pandemic the following two features of the environment made participation easier than pre-COVID-19 (p < 0.05): cognitive demands (36.4% vs 60%, respectively) and social demands (5.5% vs 34.5%). More mothers reported that services (92.7%), supplies (87.3%) and information (85.5%) were available and/or adequate in the COVID-19 period than pre-COVID-19 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mothers of children with ADHD reported that their children were participating more frequently in some of the home-related activities during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-COVID-19. Reduced cognitive and social demands, and more readily available resources in the home environment during the COVID-19 period resulted in increased home participation compared to pre-COVID-19.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) types are common among Turkish women from high socioeconomic status and have differing effects on child abuse and contentment with life.

OBJECTIVE: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is an important public health problem. In this study, we aimed to investigate the exposure of IPV types, child abuse and decrease in life contentment of married women from high socioeconomic status in Turkey. METHODS: Data were collected using an online/written questionnaire and Contentment with Life Scale. The questionnaire included definitions of physical, emotional, economic and sexual IPV and asked how many times they experienced these types of abuse. RESULTS: We found that physical, emotional, economic and sexual IPV exposure were 19%, 45.2%, 12.5%, and 6%, respectively, which suggest that IPV types were common in this group, too. Physical child abuse was higher among physical and emotional IPV victims (p=0004, p=0.02, respectively), while emotional child abuse was higher only among physical IPV victims (p=0.01). On the other hand, exposure to economic and sexual IPV was not related to any type of child abuse in this sample (p>0.05). Physical and economic IPV victims were statistically older (p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively), married for longer time (p<0.001 for both) and had relatively lower education level (p<0.001 for both), while sexual IPV victims had lower education level than non-victims (p=0.03). We demonstrated that physical-emotional and sexual intramarital IPV significantly reduce the women's contentment with life scores when compared with non-victims (p=0.02, p<0.001 and p=0.03, respectively). CONCLUSION: IPV exposure is also severe among married women with high socioeconomic levels and is associated with child abuse in the family and a decrease in life contentment. Lengthened education period among women with similar socioeconomic levels may be an additional protective factor for IPV by delaying the age of marriage and increasing the individual income.

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth.

BACKGROUND: Participation in daily activities provides many opportunities for children with and without disabilities to improve cognitive, physical and communication abilities; to develop social relationships and to promote adaptive behaviours. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Participation Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY) in Turkish children and youth with and without a disability. METHODS: A total of 410 parents of children with (n = 232) and without (n = 178) disabilities, aged 5-17 years, were included in this study. Cronbach's alpha (α) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were evaluated for internal consistency and test-retest reliability, respectively. Discriminant validity was determined by comparing the differences in participation and environment scores for disability groups and age intervals with the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc analyses when results were statistically significant. RESULTS: Internal consistency (0.67-0.80) and test-retest reliability (0.67-0.93, p < 0.0001) ranged from moderate to very strong for different summary scores. Discriminant validity of the Turkish version of PEM-CY was supported by significant differences between children with and without disabilities on participation and environment scales (p < 0.05). We identified some significant age differences, but they did not follow consistently. CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish version of the PEM-CY is a valid and reliable tool to determine the participation and environmental factors in the home, at school and in community settings in Turkish children and youth aged 5-17 years, with and without disabilities.

Maternal depression, anxiety, psychoticism and paranoid ideation have effects on developmental delay types of infants: A study with clinical infant-mother dyads.

BACKGROUND: Developmental delay in infancy includes cognitive-language delay, fine motor delay, gross motor delay, and social-self help delay. Delay in one intellectual domain frequently effects the other areas of development; therefore, determining risk factors are essential. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between maternal psychiatric symptoms and developmental delay types of infants who have not a known risk factor and are expected to show healthy development but have some behavioral and developmental problems. METHODS: The sample consisted of 79 infant-mother (26 girls, 53 boys) dyads who had been admitted to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Gulhane Research and Training Hospital over a one year period. Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory were used. RESULTS: The most frequent developmental delay types were fine motor and social -self-help delay in this sample. For all developmentally delayed infants, maternal interpersonal sensitivity, and depression scores were higher than healthy developed ones. Logistic regression analyses revealed the risk factors: Higher maternal paranoid ideation increases the language-cognitive delay; maternal hostility and anxiety increase the gross motor delay; maternal psychoticism increases the social and self-help delay, and maternal depression increases the total development delay of infants. CONCLUSION: Maternal depression, anxiety, psychoticism, and paranoid ideation are important risk factors for infants' developmental delay types and should be addressed while evaluating infant-mother dyads in clinical practice.

Neuromotor and sensory development in preterm infants: prospective study.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between motor and sensory development in the first 4 months of life in preterm infants born at 32 gestational weeks and below. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consisted of 56 high-risk infants with a corrected age of 1 month who were born at 32 gestational weeks and stayed in the neonatal intensive care unit for at least 15 days. Neuro Sensory Motor Developmental Assessment and Infant Sensory Profile-2 were used for evaluation. These assessments were applied to preterm infants at the 1st and 4th months. The results of assessments were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The relationship between the results of motor and sensory assessments was analyzed using Spearman's correlation test. RESULTS: The mean gestational age of the infants was 29.58±2.09 weeks, their birth weights were 1233.87±251.22 grams, and their duration of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit was 26.48±9.58 days. There was a statistically significant difference between the Neuro Sensory Motor Developmental Assessment and Infant Sensory Profile-2 scores between the 1st and 4th months (p<0.05). It was found that there was a risk in terms of sensory development in 86-91% of the preterm infants at the 1st month and in 69-85% at the 4th month. There was moderate-strong degree of significant relationship between motor and sensory development. CONCLUSION: Considering the findings of our study, preterm infants are at risk for motor and sensory development. There is, therefore, a need for future research to investigate the effect of early sensory-based intervention approaches on preterm infants.

Investigation on participation, supports and barriers of children with specific learning disabilities.

BACKGROUND: Children with specific learning disabilities (SLD) have been observed to face participation restrictions in their daily life. AIMS: This study aims to examine the participation and environmental features of children with SLD compared to non-disabled children. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This study was designed as a case-controlled study. Parents of children between 5 and 17 years of age with SLD (n = 90) and those who are non-disabled (n = 88) were included in this study to do the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY). RESULTS: Differences between groups were found statistically significant in home, school, and community settings between both participation and environmental features (p < 0.05). Children with SLD participated less frequently in school settings and were less involved in activities in home and school settings. Parents of children with SLD desired more change in their child's participation in all settings. Environmental factors were significantly more likely to be identified as barriers in the participation of children with SLD. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: This study provides information about participation patterns and environmental factors for many children with SLD. The results provide insights into a rehabilitation program that may improve the participation of children with SLD, and on where greater efforts are needed to support participation and environmental features for children with SLD.

Parental attitudes in children with persistent developmental stuttering: a case-control study

Abstract Background Clinical experiences emphasize the possible role of parental attitudes and behaviours in shaping stuttering behaviors however, the number of studies in this area is still insufficient. Objective Our aims were to compare parental attitudes in children with and without stuttering and to determine the effect of parental attitudes on stuttering severity. Methods We used an age and gender matched case control design with 24 children with stuttering and 22 healthy school children. Demographic information form and Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) were enrolled by the mothers. Results According to our results; there was a statistically significant difference in parental attitudes of children with and without stuttering. Our results showed that excessive maternal control of the child and the expectations of obedience from the child more frequently observed in parents of the children with stuttering. Also there was a significant positive correlation with the severity of stuttering and excessive maternal control of the child, the expectations of obedience from the child and marital conflict. Discussion In conclusion, there was an important difference in parental styles of study group and this difference was related to the severity of stuttering. Clinicans should address parental attitudes in this samples.

Enhanced Device Efficiency and Long-Term Stability via Boronic Acid-Based Self-Assembled Monolayer Modification of Indium Tin Oxide in a Planar Perovskite Solar Cell.

Interfacial engineering is essential for the development of highly efficient and stable solar cells through minimizing energetic losses at interfaces. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been shown as a handle to tune the work function (WF) of indium tin oxide (ITO), improving photovoltaic cell performance and device stability. In this study, we utilize a new class of boronic acid-based fluorine-terminated SAMs to modify ITO surfaces in planar perovskite solar cells. The SAM treatment demonstrates an increase of the WF of ITO, an enhancement of the short-circuit current, and a passivation of trap states at the ITO/[poly(3,4ethylenedioxylenethiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid)] interface. Device stability improves upon SAM modification, with efficiency decreasing only 20% after one month. Our work highlights a simple treatment route to achieve hysteresis-free, reproducible, stable, and highly efficient (16%) planar perovskite solar cells.

Investigation of distinctive characteristics of children with specific learning disorder and borderline intellectual functioning

Abstract Background Borderline intelligence function (BIF) and specific learning disorder (SLD) are common diagnoses in children who are brought up for learning problems and school failure. Objective The aim of our study was to determine whether there were distinctive aspects of cognitive testing routinely used in evaluating SLD and BIF and investigate emotion regulation skills and minor neurologic symptoms. Method Sixty children (30 SLD and 30 BIF) who are currently attending primary school are selected for study. Visual Aural Digit Span Test - Form B, Gessel Figure Drawing Test, Bender Gestalt Visual Motor Perception Test, WISC-R, Emotion Regulation Scale (ERS) and Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) was administered. Results There was no statistically significant difference between groups in cognitive tests. The emotional regulation ability measured by the emotional regulation subscale was better in the SLD group than the BIF group (p = 0.014). In the NES, sensory integration (p = 0.008), motor coordination (p = 0.047) and other (p < 0.001) subscales showed higher scores in the BIF group. Discussion It has been shown that cognitive tests don't have distinguishing features in the evaluation of SLD and BIF. Emotion regulation subscale score of ERS and sensory integration, motor coordination, and total scores of NES can be used in both discrimination of groups.

Alexithymia, depression and anxiety in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorder: Comparative study of autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and their relatives have problems expressing and recognizing emotions, but there is a lack of studies on alexithymia, and the relationship between parental alexithymia and depression-anxiety symptoms in these groups. The aim of this study was therefore to measure alexithymia, depression, and anxiety levels in parents of children with pervasive developmental disorders and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and determine whether there is a positive correlation between the child's neurodevelopmental problem severity and parent scores. METHODS: Parents of 29 autistic disorder (AD), 28 pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and 29 ADHD children were recruited into the study, and completed a demographic information form, as well as the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Beck Depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: Alexithymia symptoms were higher in parents of children with AD than in others but unexpectedly, also these symptoms were higher in ADHD parents than in PDD-NOS groups. In addition, there were unexpected differences according to alexithymia subtype, while only the difference in maternal TAS-1 scores (difficulty in describing feelings) were statistically significant. Parental depression and state anxiety scores were increased as the child's symptom severity increased, but trait anxiety symptoms were higher in the AD and ADHD group than in the PDD-NOS group. In all groups, maternal depression and anxiety scores were higher than paternal scores, and differences were significant for depression and anxiety types in AD, and for only anxiety types in ADHD parents. The AD group had the strongest correlation between parental depression-anxiety and alexithymia. CONCLUSION: The possibility of alexithymia, depression and anxiety should be kept in mind when working with parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Relationship between perceived parenting style with anxiety levels and loneliness in visually impaired children and adolescents

Abstract Background Visual impairment is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders in the affected children and adolescents, but there are only a limited number of studies concerning the mental health characteristics of visually impaired children and adolescents. Objective The aim of this study was to determine levels of loneliness and anxiety in visually impaired children and adolescents, to analyze parenting style perceived by visually impaired children and adolescents, to compare those with typically controls. Methods The study included 40 children and adolescents with visually impairment and 34 control group without visual impairment. Sociodemographic data form, the UCLA loneliness scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children were used in both groups. The parenting Style Scale was used to determine perceived parental attitudes. Results This study found more loneliness and trait anxiety levels in visually impaired children and adolescents compared to the control group. Authoritative parenting style was the most frequent type of parental attitude in the visually impaired group. In visual impairment group, loneliness level was higher in subgroups of authoritative and permissive-indulgent parenting style. However, level of trait anxiety was higher in authoritative parenting style subgroup compared to the control group. Discussion The results of this study showed higher loneliness and anxiety levels in visually impaired children and adolescents. Further studies are needed to determine psychopathological risks in this population.